Dr. Wojo. Healthy Living. Simplified.

Having spent the past several days inside avoiding the Arctic temperatures of the Midwest, I’ve begun to feel a little lethargic. Several others I know have complained of the same — and attribute it to the weather. They’re right. It’s typical for people to eat and sleep more when it’s cold and dark outside — or even to feel blue. However, others suffer more pronounced symptoms associated with winter Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).

What is SAD? During the late fall and winter months, sunlight is in scarce supply. Frigid temperatures also tend to keep people inside, so we suffer from a lack of fresh air and exercise. While a decrease in activity and a tendency to sleep or eat more are common reactions to the changing seasons, people with SAD have a more serious reaction. In fact, psychological professionals acknowledge SAD and associate it with depression.

What are the symptoms? SAD may lead to increased sleepiness, fatigue, depression, and a general lack of ambition that goes beyond the “winter blues.” The individual may feel ‘down’ and lose interest in favorite activities. They may spend more time in bed, become less active, crave carbohydrates and gain weight. Lastly, they may withdraw socially, have difficulty concentrating and experience a sense of hopelessness. Since SAD can recur each year, those who have experienced it previously may become anxious as fall and winter approach.

What are the causes? Disruption of your body’s natural clock, known as your circadian rhythm, can be a cause. Less sunlight alters your body’s sleep/wake cycle and can cause depression.

Some researchers think SAD may be tied to an increased production of melatonin, a sleep-related hormone, in winter. Other research suggests that less sunlight leads to a drop in one’s serotonin levels that then affects one’s mood.

What should I do? If you notice marked changes in your sleep patterns and appetite, feel down for days, feel hopeless or suicidal, or are drinking alcohol as a source of comfort, see your doctor.

Your physician may try light therapy, prescribe anti-depressants or recommend psychotherapy. Several home therapies are recommended — eat well and avoid excessive alcohol. Exercise keeps you motivated and active, and the gym gives you a chance to socialize. Keep your house bright and allow natural sunlight in. And if you can, escape someplace warm and sunny for a few days to refresh yourself.