Notice more runny noses, sniffles and red eyes this year? Thanks to record levels of pollen around the nation, even those of us who haven’t experienced significant allergic reactions before may suffer from mild allergic symptoms such as headaches and irritated eyes and nasal passages.
Your immune system is your defense system. When it recognizes a threat, it takes defensive measures to combat that threat. In the case of allergies, your body is overreacting to an allergen - such as pollen - that is typically deemed a harmless substance. For someone not allergic to pollen, they inhale the grains and the grains are trapped in mucus that you then cough out or swallow.
If you are allergic to pollen, your body reacts differently - and defensively. Those same grains trigger your immune system to produce IgE - an antibody that attaches to mast and blood cells. The offending pollen grains become attached to the IgE and your body steps up its defenses - releasing histamines that attempt to eject the allergen via watery eyes, runny noses, sneezing or coughing. You may also experience itchy eyes, throat and nose or develop dark circles under your eyes due to restricted blood flow around your sinuses.
Blastomycosis - a fungal lung infection - can be difficult to diagnose. Some people experience no symptoms, others experience symptoms similar to a cold, the flu or pneumonia, while others may suffer from skin lesions. Also, it generally takes one to three months after exposure to the Blastomyces dermatitidis fungus for symptoms to appear. Further, while the fungus that causes Blastomycosis is most often found in moist, wooded areas with sandy soils or near bodies of water, people who garden and farm are often exposed to it as well. Anything that disturbs the soil or woods can release the fungal spores. Because it takes so long for symptoms to appear, it is difficult to determine the source of the exposure.
Most cases of Blastomycosis are found in the south-central and midwestern United States and Canada. While Blastomycosis is rate, in some cases it can lead to more serious lung and skin infections that become more difficult to cure if the infection is left untreated. Symptoms vary greatly depending on what organ systems become infected. Symptoms may include:
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Excessive fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Fever and sweating
- Joint stiffness and pain
- Muscle stiffness and pain
- Weight loss
- Skin lesions or rash that blister and ooze pus
Blastomycosis can be spread by direct contact with a rash or skin lesions caused by the infection.
In most cases, treatment with antifungals is effective in treating the infection. However, in some cases, the bladder, kidney, prostate and testes may be affected. If the infection is serious enough, a person may suffer scarring of the lungs, may become more susceptible to lung infection or be left with scars on the skin.
Those who are most at risk are people with weakened immune systems, those who have had an organ transplant and men.
If you do experience symptoms similar to those above, visit your physician. Chest x-rays, skin biopsies, sputum cultures or tissue biopsies will help your physician determine if you are indeed infected with Blastymycosis.
The biggest problem with health-related New Year’s resolutions? Most of us go “too big.” And that usually sets us up for failure. Everything in moderation — that’s the ticket. If you are serious about losing weight, lowering your cholesterol, stopping smoking, exercising more, eating better, preventing diabetes II — then make that effort in this frame of mind: small gradual changes in lifestyle. In this manner, you set realistic, reachable goals for yourself. And once those are reached — you go on to the next set of slightly bigger goals. And all the while you incorporate those changes into how you live. It’s not about dieting, complete denial or starting out with a daily 5-mile run. It’s about increments of change that you can live with so you can live better and healthier.
Here’s an excellent article that serves as a great example.
Every year I treat experienced outdoorsmen and women, skiers, snowmobilers and hunters in the ER for hypothermia. Most of them are not strangers to the hazards of Wisconsin winters, yet they consistently make one critical mistake - overestimating their body’s ability to fend off exposure to cold and wind.
To avoid hypothermia you have to protect yourself from wind, fatigue, dehydration and getting wet - be it falling in a stream or excessive sweating. One of the best preventative measures is simply dressing smart - with breathable, wicking layers. Wet or damp clothing increases heat loss - so it’s important to pace yourself to avoid excessive sweating. Also be sure to unzip or remove outer shells as you heat up, but be certain to put them back on as soon as you rest.
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Death from an insect sting is rare - about 40 people die each year, in the U.S., because of a severe allergic reaction to an insect sting. However, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, five percent of Americans can suffer from a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction to an insect sting. During the summer, I see several people each week in the emergency department because of an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting.
Most of us have little or no reaction to an insect sting. The site of the sting may become red, itch or swell. In contrast, a severe reaction to a sting can affect one’s entire body - leading to hives, lightheadedness, even a drop in blood pressure.
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